sci surfactant
Surfactant, also known as interfacial agent, is a compound that can significantly reduce the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, between liquid and gas, and between liquid and solid. Reducing surface tension
Reducing surface tension is the most basic function of surfactants. There is a macroscopic tension in the surface layer of the liquid that makes the liquid surface shrink to the minimum as much as possible, which is the surface tension. After adding surfactants, the surfactants form a thin film on the surface of the liquid, changing the molecular arrangement of the liquid surface, thereby reducing the surface tension.
(1) Emulsification: Due to the high surface tension of oil in water, when oil is dropped into water and stirred vigorously, the oil is crushed into fine beads and mixed into an emulsion, but the layers are separated again after the stirring stops. If a surfactant is added and stirred vigorously, it is difficult to separate for a long time after stopping. This is the emulsification effect. The reason is that the hydrophobicity of the oil is surrounded by the hydrophilic groups of the surfactant, forming a directional attraction, which reduces the work required for the oil to disperse in water and makes the oil well emulsified.
(2) Wetting: There is often a layer of wax, grease or scaly substances on the surface of the parts, which are hydrophobic. Due to the contamination of these substances, the surface of the parts is not easily wetted by water. When a surfactant is added to the aqueous solution, the water droplets on the parts are easily dispersed, which greatly reduces the surface tension of the parts and achieves the purpose of wetting.
Application
Application of surfactants in cosmetics
Surfactants are widely used in various cosmetics as emulsifiers, penetrants, detergents, softeners, wetting agents, bactericides, dispersants, solubilizers, antistatic agents, hair dyes, etc. Nonionic surfactants are the most commonly used in cosmetics because they are non-irritating and easily compatible with other components. They are generally some fatty acid esters and polyethers.
The composition of cosmetic formulas is diverse and complex. In addition to oil and water raw materials, there are various functional surfactants, preservatives, flavors and pigments, etc., which belong to multiphase dispersion systems. With the increasing number of cosmetic dosage forms and functional requirements, the variety of surfactants used in cosmetics is also increasing. The surfactants used in cosmetics should be non-irritating to the skin, non-toxic and non-side effects, and also meet the requirements of colorlessness, no unpleasant odor and high stability.
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